nationalism :: essays research papers

Founded in 1965 by Ron Karenga, US emerged in south-centralern California shortly after Watts detonate into a riot and Malcolm X was assassinated. As national sentiment grew among African American organizations because of the impact of Malcolm X, US established itself as a cultural nationalist group. It called for racial unity and for black people to free themselves from unobjectionable oppressiveness by embracing a "recovered" African culture.For US, that meant Kawaida, a sacred system of beliefs and rituals advocating black pride, unity, culture and self-defense. Upon becoming a ingredient or "advocate" of US, a person was given a Swahili name, urged to snap African clothing and immersed in the groups complex doctrine, practices and organizational hierarchy.Karenga, a develop assimilator of African studies who was fluent in Swahili, constructed Kawaida, says br take inish, by adapting rituals and beliefs -- primarily from the Zulus of South Africa -- to the organizations own rituals, beliefs and holidays. Kwanzaa, a holiday created by US in 1966, is straight off notice by millions of African Americans. embrowns portrait is historically sharp and honest. He includes a discussion of the damaging effects of sexism and of Karengas cult of personality.Browns research is as well painful to misconceptions that have plagued US past, such as the name standing for " join Slaves." The name, Brown says, simply "stands for Black People the pronoun US as opposed to them, the black-and-blue oppressors."Browns nurture of US emerges as a keen observation of how a comparatively small group became a central force in a mickle movement through its ideological influence. "The groups approach to organizing," Brown writes, "which resisted mass recruitment into its ranks . . . saw no need for a gargantuan membership. Their object was to ideologically influence other organizations with its united- front approach, and th us unionise the class of the coming cultural revolution. " Brown illustrates this best in the variance "The modern Ark Laboratory," in which he cites US alliance with writer-activist Amiri Baraka and several organizations in Newark, N.J., which not unless helped chosen the citys first black mayor but also move Newark into a stronghold for the Kawaida doctrine when US fell into decline in the advance(prenominal) 70s.Brown is equally attentive to the stumbling blocks faced by US. For instance, the section " running(a) Unity and the US-Panther Conflict" gives a dynamic history of the escalating tensions betwixt US and the Black Panther Party, as well as Karengas governmental missteps that jeopardized US anti- substantiation credibility.nationalism essays research papers Founded in 1965 by Ron Karenga, US emerged in Southern California shortly after Watts exploded into a riot and Malcolm X was assassinated. As nationalist sentiment grew among African A merican organizations because of the impact of Malcolm X, US established itself as a cultural nationalist group. It called for racial unity and for black people to free themselves from white oppression by embracing a "recovered" African culture.For US, that meant Kawaida, a quasi-religious system of beliefs and rituals advocating black pride, unity, culture and self-defense. Upon becoming a member or "advocate" of US, a person was given a Swahili name, urged to wear African clothing and immersed in the groups complex doctrine, practices and organizational hierarchy.Karenga, a budding scholar of African studies who was fluent in Swahili, constructed Kawaida, says Brown, by adapting rituals and beliefs -- primarily from the Zulus of South Africa -- to the organizations own rituals, beliefs and holidays. Kwanzaa, a holiday created by US in 1966, is now observed by millions of African Americans.Browns portrait is historically sharp and honest. He includes a discussion of the damaging effects of sexism and of Karengas cult of personality.Browns research is also sensitive to misconceptions that have plagued US past, such as the name standing for "United Slaves." The name, Brown says, simply "stands for Black People the pronoun US as opposed to them, the white oppressors."Browns study of US emerges as a keen observation of how a relatively small group became a central force in a mass movement through its ideological influence. "The groups approach to organizing," Brown writes, "which resisted mass recruitment into its ranks . . . saw no need for a large membership. Their goal was to ideologically influence other organizations with its united- front approach, and thus direct the course of the coming cultural revolution. " Brown illustrates this best in the section "The New Ark Laboratory," in which he cites US alliance with writer-activist Amiri Baraka and several organizations in Newark, N.J., which not only he lped elect the citys first black mayor but also turned Newark into a stronghold for the Kawaida doctrine when US fell into decline in the early 70s.Brown is equally attentive to the stumbling blocks faced by US. For instance, the section "Operational Unity and the US-Panther Conflict" gives a dynamic history of the escalating tensions between US and the Black Panther Party, as well as Karengas political missteps that jeopardized US anti- establishment credibility.