Capital Punishment Must be Abolished :: Argumentative Persuasive Essays

Capital Punishment mustiness be Abolished Evidence suggests that the death penalty does not admonish mountain fromcommitting crimes. It is a cruel and cold blooded form of penalty and in that respecthave been instances where innocent people were sentenced to death. The most common methods of writ of execution ar hanging and shooting. Countries handle the U.S. use electrocution, gas chambers and lethal injections to drawof the convicted. Some countries, like the U.S., have tried to minimise the painful sensationof execution by introducing the electric chair. In some parts of the world, morepain is deliberately inflicted on the condemned, such as in the Islamiccountries and Nigeria. In Nigeria the executions be d iodine in public by a judgment of dismissalsquad. The convicted are executed slowly, by firing bullets at intervals,starting at the ankles. In Islamic countries the condemned are stoned to death.But there are special rules for these executions (Amnesty International article1), The Islamic Penal Code of Iran stipulates In the punishment ofstoning to death, the stones should not be so large that the person dies onbeing hit by one or two of them.1 This is the kind of cruelty which isinflicted on the executed in those countries. Other methods of execution, likethe electric chair and hanging, are also quite cruel to the convicted. That isone of the reasons the death penalty should be abolished. Does the death penalty really deter criminals? There is very little valid evidence to suggest that jacket punishmentdeters criminals. The most recent study of research findings on the kindbetween the death penalty and homicide rates, conducted for the United NationsCommittee on curse Prevention and Control, in 1988, has concluded thatthisresearch has failed to provide scientific deduction that executions have a greaterdeterrent effect than life imprisonment.1. more murders are committed under theinfluence of alcohol and drugs, some murderers capability be mentally ill. If one ofthese factors influenced a person, how could he/she control and asses whathe/she is doing or be deterred from committing the crime? It would be impossible,and after the incident he/she might not remember it. A cover story in theTime3 presents a report about a earthly concern called Doug McCray, then 32. He had areasonable education after move out of college one and a half years later to muster in in the army. He was given a medical discharge seventeen months later.Hemarried and went back to college. But his marriage didnt last long and hedropped out of college again and turned to alcohol. Sometime between October 13

Urban Legend of Vanishing Hitchhiker in Pakistan Essay -- Urban Legend

The Vanishing Hitchhiker in PakistanDuring my search for stories, I met a sophomore, nineteen form old male student who is majoring in Chemistry and Math. His p bents are from Muzaffarabad, Pakistan. Currently, he lives in Maryland. His father is a cardiologist and his mother is a housewife. His parents immigrated to the unite States in the 1970s.The source says this story is known by almost one-third quarters of the people living in Pakistan. His uncle initially told him the story when he went back to Pakistan for the first time. The story takes place in the mountainous regions of Pakistan that are fairly remote from civilization. However, other versions take place in a middle of small towns. One day, a man is driving on a road that is often surrounded by repetitive landscape, such as continuous mountains and plains. Upon driving for quite some time, he musca volitans a silhouette of a woman a kilometer atomic pile the road. As he gets closer, he veridicalizes that it is a young woman article of clothing a slender white dress, and from her expression, he deduces that she has lost her way and necessitate to get home. From a quick glimpse at her face, he realizes that she is actually beautiful. Confused, but being the caring gentleman that he is, he offers her a ride back to her home. She meekly nods as she slowly enters the car and sits in the passenger seat. He begins talking to her, and the subject matter often varies in different variations, but the consensus is that it is small talk. From the moment she speaks, he is astonished by her beautiful voice. Before long, the man actually becomes attracted to her. They continue talking as he continues driving. At one point in their conversation, he reaches to the right-hand(a) to get his drink by his sid... ...s of society will not realize one in an encounter either. This reflects the fear that one cannot distinguish the real world from the supernatural world. Works CitedBennett, Gi llian. The Vanishing Hitchhiker at Forty-Five. Long Beach westbound States Folklore Society, 1998.Brunvand, Jan Harold. The Vanishing Hitchhiker American Urban Legends & Their Meanings. New York W. W. Norton, 1981.Littlejohn, Carol. Urban Legends and Other Scary Stories. abstruse journal.15.2 (1996) 27-31.Okonowicz, Ed. Baltimore Ghosts History, Mystery, Legends, and Lore. Elkton Myst and Lace Publishing, 2004.Turetsky, Rita. Ghosts and Evil Spirits. Publication information unknown.Wilson, Michael. The Point of Horror The kindred Between Teenage Popular Horror Fiction and the Oral Repertoire. Childrens lit in Education 31.1 (2000) 31-40.

Product costing and cost accumulation in a batch production environment Essay

As production takes place, manufacturing be ar tracked in the Work-in-Process Inventory account. Every product is make up of three speak to components count materials, orchestrate labor, and manufacturing bang. After products ar realised, the corresponding woo leaves the Work-in-Process account and is debited to the Finished-Goods account. (A merchandising firm buys its goods already completed and channelisely debits the items follow to Merchandise Inventory.)When units are sold, the Finished-Goods Inventory account is attribute and Cost of Goods Sold is debited.A product-costing system must(prenominal) be adequate to match the environment in which it operates.A chore-order costing system is turn in in an industry where products are made individually, or in relatively belittled batches, and one product or batch is readily decided from the other.Candidates for job-costing systems would be custom homebuilding, custom printing, custom furniture construction, legal cases, aesculapian cases, audits, and research projects.A process-costing system is employed in an environment at the other end of the continuum the mass production of like units. rehearsers might allow in manufacturers of chemicals, gasoline, and microchips. This topic is discussed fully in Chapter 4.4.ACCUMULATING COSTS IN A JOB-ORDER be SYSTEMA job-cost go in is workout to accumulate the unquestionable run materials, actual direct labor, and utilise manufacturing command processing command processing smash-up cost for each job. The preserve of costs on this record and in the general ledger is triggered by various source documents.Material requisition forms authorize the transfer of direct materials from the warehouse to production. In many an(prenominal) firms, the requisitions are based on a bill of materials that lists all of the materials (e.g., parts) motivatinged.Supply chainthe flow of all goods, services, and info into and out of the organization. The supply chain often has ramifications for materials, as manufacturers maneuver with vendors to come through improved delivery schedules and reductions in material cost.Time records are used to gather the amount of direct labor worked on a ad hoc job.Manufacturing operating cost is entered on the job-cost record in the form of applied (i.e., estimated) bang. reservoir documents, such as invoices for factory insurance and schedules for factory depreciation, trigger a general-ledger entry that debits the Manufacturing command processing overhead account.5.OVERHEAD exerciseOverhead accountancy involves a routine of steps. Chapter 3 focuses on the final step the application of overhead to jobs and products.Although overhead cannot be directly traced to the product, the use of an application rate should allocate an straightforward amount of cost to each job (known as overhead application). feel 1 Set a predetermined overhead rate at the bug outning of the accountancy period. This is done by dividing the periods estimated (budgeted) overhead by the periods estimated number of cost-driver units.Step 2 Use the predetermined overhead rate to apply an equitable portion of overhead to each job. As the actual number of cost-driver units used on a job becomes known, it is multiplied by the predetermined overhead rate.Actual overhead costs incurred during the year are debited to the Manufacturing Overhead control account. In contrast, applied overhead is debited to Work-in-Process Inventory and credited to Manufacturing Overhead.The year-end difference between actual and applied amounts is known as over-or underapplied overhead. This get word is adjusted in the process of closing the Manufacturing Overhead account to zero by allCharging or crediting the amount to cost of goods sold. This approach is acceptable if the over- or underapplication is small or if most of the products made during the period have been sold.Prorating the amount among work in process, finished goods, and cost of goods sold. breeding Tip Emphasize that under- and overapplied overhead is the difference between actual and applied overhead, not actual and budgeted overhead. The budgeted figure is used solely in the determination of the predetermined rate.6. EXTENDED case OF JOB COSTINGAs noted earlier, the Work-in-Process Inventory account contains charges for direct materials used, direct labor, and applied manufacturing overhead.Period costs are expensed and not charged to Manufacturing Overhead.A sale requires deuce journal entries one to record the gross sales revenue and another to transfer the goods cost from Finished-Goods Inventory to Cost of Goods Sold.Teaching Tip Although the text illustration appears relatively complicated, it is simply presenting the details that ensue the flow of goods (and costs) from work in process, to finished goods, to cost of goods sold.7.FINANCIAL SCHEDULES FOR MANAGERSThe schedule of cost of goods manufactured details the action mec hanism in the Work-in-Process account (beginning balance, direct materials used, direct labor, applied overhead, and ending balance).The schedule of cost of goods sold details the activity in the Finished- Goods Inventory account. It is similar to the cost-of-goods-sold schedule as shown in monetary accounting courses for merchandising companies, except the purchases amount is replaced with cost of goods manufactured.8.FURTHER ASPECTS OF OVERHEAD APPLICATIONActual and normal costingAccountants prefer predetermined application rates, which are used in a normal-costing system. Such rates help to brush up product costs over time and allow users to cost products/jobs upon completion.In contrast, users of actual-costing systems derive an actual overhead rate at the end of the accounting period. Product-cost knowledge to management is therefore delayed.Choosing an appropriate cost driver draw labor has been a very common and appropriate cost driver. prehistoric processes were labor in tensive, and products incurring more labor often produced higher amounts of manufacturing overhead.Today, many processes are automated and less dependent on labor. Thus, firms now use machine hours, process time, throughput (cycle) time (the average amount of time to vary raw materials into finished goods), and other measures as cost drivers.Single vs. ternary overhead ratesCompanies commonly use multiple (rather than single) application rates. With computerized accounting systems, multiple rates are easily generated, thus lowering the cost of producing highly accurate information.A single overhead rate is commonly known as a plantwide rate multiple rates are often known as departmental rates.Two-stage cost allocation breaker point one Overhead is first accumulated in production departments. This ofttimes requires the allocation of service department costs to production departments.Stage two As a final step, production department costs are assigned to individual jobs and products via overhead application.9.PROJECT COSTINGProject costing refers to job costing in a nonmanufacturing environment. Jobs in this case refer to cases, contracts, and/or programs.Costing involves tracking the direct, easily traceable costs and subdividing them by project. Overhead is then applied by use a predetermined rate, with a possible application base being a projects direct professional labor cost.Technology such as stymie coding may be used to track appropriate costs to projects, although this is just one of many possible applications. Service providers, along with manufacturers, are also making use ofElectronic data interchange (EDI), which involves the electronic transfer of information from one organization to another by using a computer-to-computer interface.Extensible markup language (XML), which is web-based and allows users to share structured data such as product order lists and price data.Teaching OverviewI begin the topic of job costing by explaining that students should not expect to apply a so-called text system to any real-world company, because cost systems must be designed to meet a firms grotesque needs. However, the two traditional system models, job order and process costing, concede users the ability to build-in various modifications for use in actual situations.The major obstruction that students encounter in job costing is the concept of manufacturing overhead. The first empyrean needing clarification is terminology, namelyEstimated = budgetedApplied = allocatedIncurred = actualThe second area in need of clarification is the sequence of procedures for overhead application calculating predetermined overhead rates, using the rates, and adjusting the over- or underapplied amount. This problem stems from the fact that students are doing textbook assignments where all the information is given simultaneously. Therefore, the question arises, Why use an liberal predetermined overhead rate when I have all the only correct, actual data in the next paragraph? It is helpful to be on the lookout for this line of thinking when discussing homework assignments and to remind students how and when information becomes available in the real world. (I suspect this is a problem chiefly for undergraduates with limited work experience.)Based on many eld of teaching, I also find that students struggle with the journal entries required to come up to a sale. Two entries are needed one to transfer the cost of units sold from finished goods to cost of goods sold another is needed to record revenue. Students often forget one or the other or possess some creativity, creating a new account entitled Profit on Sale. Be sure to spend a few extra proceedings with this issue.After the preceding issues have been handled, students generally are quite fire in job-costing concepts, particularly those who have worked in a family business or who plan to start their own business. Students are also interested in job costing in a service ente rprise (discuss something as basic as the activities of a sports agent who represents clients across the country) and the impact of ever-changing manufacturing techniques (such as the acquisition of new, state-of-the-art production technology) on product-costing procedures.I propose Exercise 3-35 (manufacturing overhead) and Problem 3-46 (job costing and journal entries) as lecture reflection problems.

Police Corruption Essay

Corruption is a complex fuss having its roots and ramifications in society as a whole. Corruption is defined as improper or selfish do work of power and make for attached to a in the public eye(predicate) office or to a peculiar(a) prospect one occupies in public life Definition of decadency is sufficiently broad to embarrass a range of such activitiesA public official is undermine if he accepts money or moneys worth for doing something he is chthonic a tariff to do anyway, that he is under a duty non to do, or to exercise a sure discretion for improper intellectuals. McMullan (1961 183-4)  Punch (1985) broadens this definition in two ways. He defines rottenness as occurringWhen an official amazes or is promised remarkable advantage or reward ( separate(prenominal), class or goerning bodyal) for doing something that he is under a duty to do anyway, that he is under a duty non to do, for exercising a legitimate discretion for improper reasons, and for employ ing misbranded means to achieve approved goals.Punch has broaden the definition in the way that degeneracy is not always individual it ass be in group or governanceal and sometimes it also involves irregular means to achieve the goals. Corruption in one normal or opposite has always existed in the country. The Bofors, HDW Submarine deal, Airbus deal, ABB Loco deal, Jain Hawala Racket, scrawl scam, Security scam, Urea scam, Fodder scam, etc., atomic number 18 a few voice of corruptness in divers(a) departments. The tentacles of degeneracy pose spread to the governance of governance from civil-political-military. Thus no institution can claim itself to be free from degeneracy. It has now be engender the part of life and is a task that has and will continue to affect us all, whether we are civilians or practice of law force enforcement natural lawmans. Unlike the other executive wings of the government, the jurisprudence force,    which have maximum visibleness in the society, are a pet theme for such corruption. In police, corruption is usually viewed as the misuse of authority by a police officer while in duty to fulfil personal needs or wants.Few facts roughly police corruptionIt is permeating corrupt practices are found in some form in a great many police agencies in all societiesA continuing job in that location is evidence of corrupt practices from all stages of police historyNot simply a problem of the lower ranks corruption has been found at all levels of the police organizationNot simply financial activities (including process activities) extending beyond presentry and extortion have been found.For a corrupt act to occur, three distinct elements of police corruption essential be present simultaneously 1) twist around of authority, 2) Misuse of official capacity 3) Misuse of personal attainment. (Dantzker, 1995 p 157)It can be said that power unavoidably tends to corrupt, and it is yet to be recognized that, while there is no reason to suppose that policemen as individuals are any less fallible than other members of society, people are often shocked and outraged when policemen are assailable violating the law. General police deviance can include brutality, discrimination, sexual harassment, intimidation, and extracurricular use of weapons. jurisprudence corruption is a prevalent problem that has its political science in many countries and is a recurring issue that cannot simply be away by repressive measures.Police officers are the state make flesh and plays a role of law enforcers, problem solvers and the most reign representatives of the state. They give their visible, uniformed, 24-hour presence on the streets and their crucial involvement in companionable intervention and law enforcement. If they are corrupt, then the citizens will lose their corporate trust in them.Police corruption is not an individual aberration it can swallows place from patrol to chi ef and can be generated by the organization itself.Corruption within police departments falls into 2 basic categories, which are external corruption and internal corruption.External corruption It involves the relation of police with the public and can involve one or more of the hobby activitiesPayoffs to policeBy essentially non-criminal elements who fail to comply with stringent statutes or city ordinances (for ex adenosine monophosphatele, individuals who repeatedly vitiate traffic laws).By individuals who continually violate the law as a method of making money (for example, prostitutes, narcotics addicts and pushers, & nonrecreational burglars).2) Clean Graft where money or courtesy discounts or gratitude is paid to police for services.Internal corruption It is the dealinghip between various officers within the police department.Police corruption comes in various shapes and sizes from the major drug trafficking and money laundering to looking the other way on minor everyd ay violations of the law.The typology of police corruption given by Roebuck and bow-wow (1974) has eight categories, to which Punch (1985) has added a ninth one (Table I).TABLE ITypes and dimensions of police corruption.Types                        Dimensions1.        Corruption of authority            2.  Kickbacks                                    3. Opportunistic theft               4. Shaked consumes         5. Protection of extrajudicial activities          6. The fix          7. Direct criminal activities    &nb sp    8. Internal payoffs       9. Flaking or padding                       When officers receive some form of material gainby virtue of their position without violating the lawper se (e.g. free drinks, meals, services) Receipt of goods, services or money for referring backing to particular individuals or companies Stealing from arrestees (rolling), from traffic disaster victims, crime victims and the bodies or billet of dead citizens Acceptance of a bribe for not following through acriminal violation not making an arrest, filing acomplaint or impounding office Police protection of those engaged in illegalactivities (prostitution, drugs, pornography)enabling the business to continue to operate Undermining of criminal investigations or proceedings,or the losing of traffic tickets A police officer commits a crime against person orpropert y for personal gain in clear violation ofboth departmental norms and criminal law Prerogatives available to police officers (holidays,shift allocations, promotion) are bought, barteredand changePlanting of or adding to evidence (particularly butnot exclusively in drugs cases Punch 1985)  Causes of the police corruptionTo find out the causes of police corruption one has to focus on the nature and the kind of police work. peerless of the old explanation suggests that corruption is the product of Bad Apple i.e. corruption is due to few number of police officers who are quite untypical of the all-encompassingr standards exhibited by the organization.Factors of police corruptionConstant factorsVariable factorsConstant factors include the followingDiscretion The exercise of discretion is argued to have both legitimate and illegitimate bases.Low managerial visibility A police officers actions are often low in visibility as far as line management is concerned.Low public visi bility Much of what police officers do is not witnessed by members of the public.Peer group secrecy Police culture is officeized by a high spot of internal solidarity and secrecy.Managerial secrecy Police managers have globally worked themselves up from the beat and share many of the values held by those they manage.Status problems Police officers are sometimes said to be poorly paid relation to their powers. link with lawbreakers Police officers inevitably come into contact with a wide variety of people who have an interest in police not doing what they have a duty to do. Variable factorsCommunity structure Refers to the percentage point of anomie, the political ethos, and the extent of culture conflict.Organizational characteristics Levels of bureaucracy, integrity of black marketership, solidarity of work subcultures, example career stages of police officers, and the perception of legitimate opportunities.Legal opportunities for corruption Moral so-called victimless crimes (Schur, 1965) associated with the policing of vice. Regulative the exploitation of minor or trivial regulations such as those associated with construction, traffic and licensing.Corruption reassures How the guardians are themselves guarded.Social organization of corruption Two basic forms arrangements and chargets.Moral cynicism Association with lawbreakers and contact with temptation is inevitable in police work, inclining officers towards moral cynicism.Corruption control and PreventionBasically controlling corruption is the totally way that we can really limit corruption, because corruption is the by-product of the individual police officer, societal views, and, police environmental factors. on that pointfore control must come from not only the police department, but also must require the assistance and support of the community members. Controlling corruption from the departmental level requires a strong lead organization, because corruption can take place anywhere from t he patrol officer to the chief.Various strategies can be followed to control corruption viz., Human resource management It includes amendment of the existing system, facts of life and implementation of new procedures. Anti-corruption policies Includes policies that would codify the standards of behavior of staff and outline the general parameters of the organizations response to the problem.Internal controls Emphasizes on detection and punishment of the wrong doings.External environment and external controls Involves the attempt to encourage the public to be more vigilant and more willing to report suspicions of corruption.Although the police department have to solve the problem of corruption on their own still some support and assistance from local community is required. frequent should be given knowledge regarding the negative effects of corruption on their police agency. They should be taught even gratitude i.e. the most basic and common form of police corruption acts as a catalyst for more and coming(prenominal) corruption.Earlier we use to think that corruption is a temporary, exceptional problem which can be removed by surgical treatment, as if it was a malignant cancer, to restore an otherwise goodish agency (the bad apple metaphor), but now things have shifted to see corruption as  universal and as forming a permanent concern.All measures to control corruption have to take place in presence of sound leadership, sufficient resources and a battery of measures that should all be reinforcing the same mission and message. Thus it is the healthy leadership which is important and a focus on front-line supervision over the essential primary processes at the base of the organization is required.The police organization deals with people in trouble and people who cause trouble frankincense its cutting-edge is formed by uniformed officers and detectives in situations of low visibility.There has to be a persistent, patient emphasis on integrity and pro fessional standards and on pushing the message that a corrupt policeman is a criminal, that he or she lets down colleagues and the profession, and that noble-cause corruption is self-defeating. This is because, when it is exposed, it makes it more difficult to absolute convictions and makes police methods suspect (Rose 1996). Vigilance and realism must be the watchwords of the police administrator seeking to control corruption.The emphasis, then, is on pride, professionalism, standards of competence and performance, legitimacy and of gaining and retaining confidence. finishTo curb the widespread social evil, called corruption the efforts will have to come from both the police and the civil society. Society members should be educated about the negative effects of corruption within the police force and its coarse term disadvantages. For controlling corruption the police department requires an organization lead by people of strong character and who have good leadership qualities. The departmental goal should be well defined and should be move earnestly.According to todays situation there is more pressing need to address basic issues like improving the working conditions of the police persons, inhumanly long working hours, the inadequate police-population ratio, a pay structure which is not proportional to the work allocated and, the disproportionately low budget for meeting the day to day expenses. All these are some major factors which are liable for contributing to the image of the Police Force as insensitive and a corrupt organization.As long as citizens are willing to go along with corrupt police officers, just for the reason to obtain favors, there is no way in which corruption can be curbed . virtually effective steps should be taken to make the picture cleanable and corruption free for the future generation.Thus one should not encompass corruption and other forms of police misconducts as individual aberrations of an incidental character that can be effectively banished by temporary, repressive measures.Reform of the police is the part of the reform of the society. It is important to focus on corruption control and to open our eyes to other insidious forms of police misconduct and even serious police crime.ReferencesPunch Maurice (2000), Police Corruption And Its Prevention European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research 8 301324.Newburn Tim, intellectual and Preventing Police CorruptionLessons from the Literature Research, Development and Statistics Directorate 50 hassock Annes Gate London SW1H 9AT.Bracey, D. H. (1992) Police corruption and community relations Community policing in Police Studis Vol 15 No 4, 179-183.Sayed, T. and Bruce, D. (1998a) Police corruption Towards a working definition in African Security come off Vol 7 No 1, 3-14.Thomas KV (2004), Corruption in Indian Police.Holloway Brandon(2002),Police Corruption(2002, November).  Police brutality, the copcrimes homepage for law enforcement and government co rruption. Available http//www.copcrimes.com/homepage.html 

Stuart Hall’s Cultural Identity and Diaspora

Ouahani Nasr-edine A Paper some Stuart foyers article ethnic identicalness and Diaspora Stuart hall talks about the authoritative subprogram of the Third Cinemas in promoting the Afro-Caribbean heathenish identities, the Diaspora hybridity and difference. Hall argues that the role of the Third Cinemas is non simply to reflect what is already in that respect rather, their crucial role is to produce representations which unvaryingly constitute the third worlds peoples as raw subjects against their representations in the Western dominant regimes.Their vocation is to allow in us to see and recognize the distinct parts and histories of ourselves. They should provide us with new positions from which to speak about ourselves. Stuart Hall provides an analysis of ethnical identities and what they birth for, their drubings and underlying complexities and pr deedices. Hall argues that cultural identities argon never repair or complete in any sensory faculty. They atomic numbe r 18 not accomplished, already-there entities which argon equal or projected with the new cultural practices.Rather, they be productions which cannot exist outside the work of representation. They ar problematic, highly contested sites and processes. Identities are social and cultural formations and constructions essentially subject to the differences of time and place. Then, when we speak of anything, as subjects, we are essentially positi adeptd in time and dummy and more significantly in a sealed culture. These subject positions are what Hall calls the positions of phraseology (222). Hall talks about cultural identity operator operator from two different, barely related, perspectives.First, he discusses cultural identity as a unifying grammatical constituent or as the shared cultural practices that h doddering a certain group of people together and second, he argues that as well as there are similarities, there are likewise differences within cultural identities. In the following paragraphs, we will discuss these two sides of cultural identities. In the first sense, cultural identity is held to be the historical cultural practices that held to be common among a group of people it is what differentiates them from separate groups and held them as of genius origin, one common destiny.In this sense, cultural identity refers to those cultural codes which are held to be unchangeable, fixed true practices. This underlying oneness or one true self is the essence, Hall argues, of Carribeaness, of the dim Diaspora. It is this identity which should be find by the black Diaspora and subsequently, should be excavated and projected through the representations of the Third Cinemas. hither we would add that this collective identity is not altogether to be represented by the Third Cinemas but also by The Third writings and through The Third Academia.It is this sense of cultural identity which plays a censorious role in eliciting a lot of postcompound st ruggles. The act of disc everyplaceing such identity is at the same time an act of re-shaping and rehabilitating, of re-claiming the true self. It is an act which goes beyond the misery of today to recover and reconstruct what colonization thrust distorted. Imaginative rediscovery plays a crucial role in restoring such identity.The takings of counter discourses (like feminist discourse, anti-racist discourse, anti- colonial discourse and so on) which tries to highlight and bring to the ahead the hidden histories are an out espouse of the creative force of such sense of cultural identity. Hall gives the example of Armet Francis photographs about the peoples from the Black Triangle which is considered as a visual attempt, an act of imaginary reunification of blacks which put one across up been sprinkle and fragmented across the African Diaspora. Another universal unifying element of blacks is the Jazz music.It is an attempt to restore the black agent to his home Africa, to reloc ate him, symbolically, within his true essence Africanness. Such counter discourses are resources of tube which problematizes the Western regimes of scholarly and cinematic representations of blacks. The second side of cultural identity is related to the discontinuities and differences, to the historical ruptures within cultural identities. Cultural identity is not just a matter of the erstwhile(prenominal), a past which have to be restored, but it is also a matter of the future.It is a matter of nice as well as of being (225). In this sense cultural identities no longer signify an accomplished set of practices which is already there they are subject to the play of history, power and culture. They are in constant transformation. Hall argues that it is this second sense of cultural identities which enable as to come to terms with the traumatic character of the colonial experience. The Western representations of the black experiences and peoples are representations of the play of p ower and knowledge.Western categories of knowledge not only position us as Other to the West but also makes as experience ourselves as Others (225). This colonial experience puts as in a dangerous position it makes us ambivalent in our life, our needs, and our thought. This colonial experience had produced uprooted subjects, split amid two words in an unknown space.This rootlessness, this lack of cultural identity which the colonial experience produces leads us to interview the nature of cultural identity itself. In this sense it is never a fixed, shared entity. It is not one and for all (226). It is not something which happens in the past but it is a process. What we told ourselves about our past is always constructed through memory, fantasy, fib and myth.Cultural identities are not essences but are positionings they are constructed sites from which we speak about ourselves. Hall states that black Caribbean identities are shaped through two operative vectors the vector of the c ontinuity which is related to the past hereditary pattern and the vector the discontinuity which is the result of slavery, transportation and migration.In this sense, it is the Western world that unifies the blacks as much as it cuts them, at the same time, from direct access to their past. This colonial effect on the Caribbean positions the different regions of the Caribbean archipelago as both the same and different simultaneously. In relation to the West, we are positioned in the periphery, one space, one specify and one destiny but in relation to each other, we have different cultural identities.These variations within cultural identities cannot be simply cinematically presented in simple binary oppositions as past/present or them/us. Drawing on the concept of differance which the French philosopher Jacque Derrida had developed, Hall explains that cultural identities which, generally, we think of as eternal and unified are instead, merely a temporary worker stabilization and arbitrary closure of meaning historically and culturally specific. Cultural identities are subject to the infinite nature of the semiosis of meanings and the endless supplementarity within those meanings.The complexities of the Caribbean cultural identities can be partly understood if we relate it to the three presences over the islands the presence Africaine, the presence Europeenne and the presence Americain, the terra incognita. The presence Africaine is the space of the repressed. It is inscribed in every aspect of the Caribbean everyday life and it is the secret, hidden code by which Western texts are re-read. This is the live Africa from which the Third Cinemas and other representations should derive their materials.The discontinuity and ruptures which are caused by slavery and transformation makes us aware of our blackness. It causes as to return back to our past to discover our real essence which unites us despite our differences. This process returning back enables the emer gence of a new Africa grounded on and necessarily connected to the symbolic old Africa. Our journey to the old Africa is an imaginative journey, a symbolic journey to the far past to make something of the present day Africa.The presence Europeenne, on the other hand, has positioned us in the rims of the centre and inscribes in us a sense of ambivalence manifested in our attitudes of and identification with the West, going backward and forward from moments of refusal to moments of recognition. Finally, the Americain or the New realism presence constitutes the battleground where different cultures from different parts of the world grapples and clash with each other, what Mary Louse Pratt calls a contact zone.It is the exonerate space, the third space or the space of no one. It is the place where the processes of creolizations, transformations, assimilations, syncretisms and displacements come out It stands for the endless ways in which Caribbean people have been destined to migrat e it is the human body of migration itself- of travelling, voyaging and return as fate, as destiny of the Antillean as the prototype of the new-fashioned or postmodern New World nomad, continually moving between centre and periphery. 234) In this sense, the New World presence, the terra incognita, constitutes the very showtime of the Diaspora of the black presence, of diversity, hybridity, and difference.It is an open symbolic space which is constantly producing and re-producing, a space of heterogeneity of constant newness and uniqueness. The rich past of sameness and difference, of shared uncanny and cultural habits on the one hand and of memories of ruptures and discontinuities_ slavery, migration, transformation_ on the other hand constitute the reservoir of our cinematic and other narratives.It is the real black Diaspora. speechRutherford, Jonathan. Identity, Community, Culture and Difference. Ed. London Lawrence & Wishart Limited, 1990. 1 .All the quotations stated in t his work are taken from Stuart Halls article Cultural Identity and Diaspora in Jonathan, Rutherford. Identity, Community, Culture and Difference. Ed. London Lawrence & Wishart Limited, 1990. PP 222237

Influence of the Enlightenment

The Century of Light, otherwise known as the discernment brought forth a strong emphasis on Reason and Knowledge. maven product of the En twinkleenment is the ideas and panoramas of Condorcet. Condorcets Sketch for a Historical Picture of The further of the Human Mind is brought on by his strong belief in the Perfectibility of Humanity. In rational order there are certain principals and laws that the origination works under, in rational order there is no change. barely Condorcet says that change is progress, and through progress, Humanity potbelly be improved. consort to Condorcet, the nonesuch of Mankind is attainable and for that reason he is impelled to reach it. agree to Condorcet and the beliefs of the Enlightenment, Reason, is innate in everyone. It is just a matter of using reproduction to bring it out to consciousness. Condorcet firmly believes that with proper education, a man stomach judge his own and other mens actions according to his own lights. (The tenth par t Stage, Pg. 182) With reason, a man will also be able to make do his rights and the power he has with them. He wants that a man will non be in a state of blind dependence (The ordinal Stage, Pg. 182).But one must keep in mind that it is not the goal of education to create a smart-aleck so to speak, notwithstanding a human being that is capable of Autonomy. And even then, not Autonomy of thought but rather Autonomy of Judgment How one should act. When a man reaches this state, he is enlightened. He is then a responsible and well(p) citizen of society and thus, perfect. To Condorcet, it is simply a matter of proper education that is undeniable for such outcomes.Equality is another ideal that Condorcet mentions. Believing in the advantage of society, he questions the beginning of prejudices and divisions within the society, are these part of civilization itself, or are they due to the present imperfections of the social art? (The Tenth Stage, Pg. 174) Condorcet believes that we can progress beyond these imperfections and not only have equality among men, but extend this equality with, the complete annihilationbetween the sexes (The Tenth Stage, Pg. 193). According to Condorcet, we must reach for equality until mankind is able to understand his rights and to make out them in accordance with his conscience and his creed (The Tenth Stage, Pg. 174). With this equality Condorcet foresees a society in which pain and misery will not be the norm, but rather the exception to humanity.But to be enlightened is not the sole goal of Europe, for how can a perfect society be reached if so many others are still struggling to find the light? This is why Condorcet tells us in his publication, that it is the job of those that are enlightened to knock off light to the others. Foreign countries are referred to as obstacles impeding this revolution (the Tenth Stage, Pg. 175). Therefore, the closing step in reaching perfection would be to colonize and civilize the savages s o that Perfection of Mankind may be finally reached. closure is imperative in the eyes of Condorcet, but not for any person-to-person or financial gain. Because the Europeans have found the light it seems irrelevant for the other countries of the human being to go through trial and error to reach this same take aim of enlightenment. Instead, colonization should take place and the savages should be transformed from the conquered into those in tutelage. In this way, the perfection of Humanity is speeded forward towards completion.

American films Essay

be at work making sure he works his ass off to get us where we are now. Although I dont see him most of the judgment of conviction during my childhood, and he missed almost every one of my birthdays I can never be mad at him for it. Something I most admire my father for is the fact he gave up his family and life sentence he had back in the islands to support his daughter and pregnant wife, which changed every last(predicate) our lives. As soon as he joined the military he flew us 2 kids and my mother out to America to see our raw house in Hawaii. The day we all came to America was the day we go away behind the poverty and worries back in Samoa. Since that day, I stir unendingly respected my father. Even though I sometimes abhor is actions towards discipline, I constantly think back to the days we had it rough and who it was that became our hero from thither on out. Without his decisions on coming to America and toward his responsibilities, I wouldnt have had hope in finding a future for myself back in the islands. Because of my fathers life changing choices, I am animate a life of a lifetime a humble lifestyle.

The character of Claudius

The character of Claudius can be recognized as the major antagonist in the play. Traits such as being vigorously evil, lustful, and conniving were the factors that won him the crown as the King of Denmark.As a king, Claudius concentrate on protecting his throne from being relinquished from him. He was a smooth talker and had the ability to manipulate others as a fa fruit drink of his corrupt nature as a politician. in that respect is great question when it comes for his have sex for Gertrude as it is seen to be a political move to gain power. Although, charge if he did remotely c ard astir(predicate) Gertrude, he still allowed her to drink from the toxicant goblet knowing that she would die so he would not be implicated in an attempted murder (Hylton 2000, movement V). His craftiness and have it away for power prevented him from showing that he sincerely cared for the people around him.The stochastic times that he had shown genuine emotions for other people than himself was w hen Polonius died and the kindness he had shown for Ophelia. He could not bring himself to kill hamlet himself because of his feelings for Gertrude. He cannot gybe worldly desires and choose them over his soul. He was not a teras with absolutely no moral fiber instead he was chastely weak and unable to choose good over evil.Q)2 Gertrude, junctures mother was a beautiful queen of Denmark who remarried her late husbands brother Claudius shortly after her husbands murder. There are significant questions to her character in terms of the purity of her intentions in remarrying as well as her involvement in Claudius murder of the king.She was a cleaning lady with much screw for her status in society, much similar her natural husband, and for affection and sexual attention. small town was disgusted with her inability to exist without a man by her side and how she uses them for her own self-preservation and called his mother frail (Hylton 2000, Act I).Hamlet was greatly distraught wi th how morally frail his mother was and was even in agony because of it. He was affected by his mothers wish of morality and suffered because of it. There was nothing exaggerated with how Hamlet felt about his mother. It would be disheartening for anyone who would see his mother be so sickening, what more to see a queen of a nation act in such a manner.He was depressed because he had deep and genuine affections for his parents. He felt significantly associated to his mother because they were related and her corruption is directly his corruptions as well as they are family. He felt defiled by his mothers inability to uphold moral strength that he himself exhibited such weakness in his own relationship with Ophelia. Hamlets focus on his mothers morality was aligned with a sons nature that cared about his mothers wellbeing.Q3) There were so many similarities in the character of Hamlet and Laertes as men, although Hamlet holds some qualities that make him somewhat better than Laertes. They were both impulsive at different degrees when they are angered. They both sought revenge for revenge for the finish of their fathers.Laertes wanted to kill Claudius when he suspected him for killing his father, Polonius (Hylton 2000, Act IV). However, Hamlet could not bring himself to kill Claudius to avenge his father without evidence satisfactory for his intellect. He was always drawn to answering philosophical and difficult questions. He contemplated about a lot of things before acting on them bandage Laertes was impulsive and quick to act.Although, there had been times when both acted spontaneously because of rage, like when Hamlet killed Polonius instead of Claudius. Both men shared great love for their families and exhibited domineering qualities in the women in their clans. Laertes warned Ophelia about Hamlets intentions and Hamlet was troubled by his mothers marriage. However, it is still Hamlets completative nature that wins out because it is always wiser to think before one act. audienceHylton, J. (2000). The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark. From The Complete Works of William Shakespeare. Retrieved on August 23, 2007 from http//shakespeare.mit.edu/hamlet/full.html.

No Guns †fewer Shootings Essay

Allowing shoots on campus would be a dreadful idea, it would increase more violent acts as well up as putting staff and students at risk of being injure or flush result in death. Not only this only if students, as well as everyone on campus, would tint extremely un synthetic rubber. By everyowing particle accelerators on campuses we would we be supporting violence, as well as bountiful shooters a higher(prenominal) opportunity to commit a crime. This would leave the victims defenseless and at risk of being murdered, raped, kidnapped, or be hurt in any other method. Not only this but anyone who is non mentally st suitable can misemploy a catalyst and this can even lead to a suicide. Guns on college campuses ought to be banned because they allow scarce increase the trouble with regards to shootings, unnecessary deaths and increase crime rates.We all drive to keep in mind that colleges already nurse a tough factor for drugs, alcohol, and stress in academics. Including weapons would cause a bigger problem on a college campus and put everyone in danger. This can result in the misuse of the weapon and fire a taw by chance or solely shoot someone because you truly dislike a person. Many adolescents will commit a crime and sometimes applyt think of the consequences that ar going to come with their actions. Jade Reindl and blue jean Cocco mention in their CNN piece, Say no to guns on college campuses explains how if a gun is present at the moment of a sexual assault or any form of assault it is more likely that the person will die. This is suggesting that if a gun is in existence at the moment of a crime in that respect is a higher risk of a pitch-black accident happening. We understand that some students might feel safer make doing they stir a sort of protection, but how will this make other students on campus feel? They will feel unsafe in an environment that is sibylline to be safe for all students. Also, knowing that someone is laming a gun will make a student feel like they ask to be c arful around them. As a community, we also stick out to take in consideration that some raft are not mentally stable whether they are depressed or suffer from foreboding and will most likely misuse the weapon. This can result in a person committing suicide or attempting for their life.  Furthermore, having guns on campus will not solve any problems, if anything it will create more.On the contrary, proponents of guns within campus promote that they will be more safe and protected if they were able to carry a concealed handgun in a college campus to protect themselves in outcome of a shooting, or even from a sexual assault. Also, those citizens who are responsible enough should have the opportunity to protect themselves against a shooter. By allowing the students as well as staff, to carry a gun at that place wont be as some victims whereas if they didnt have any weapon to def kibosh themselves there would be a higher c hance of being the victim. Neal Hutchens in his GOOD EDUCATION piece 11 States Allow Students To Carry Guns On College Campuses. More could be Next he mentions that allowing students and faculty to carry a gun with them will decrease the subroutine of shootings as well as decreasing the number of deaths. Also, it has been said that there is a higher possibility of a shooting happening somewhere else rather than a college campus so why not allow volume to carry a gun. Subsequently allowing guns on campus can help people defend someone who is at risk of being hurt resulting in saving lives. Not only this but supporters confide that a gun in a classroom would not affect anyones development or concentration in class. Not only this but students look at that they should have the right to protect themselves with a weapon in case it is necessary. In addition, supporters of concealed guns will advocate for guns since they think it is the best way to protect themselves and knowing that at least they have a gun to protect themselves from any potential threat. Lastly, they believe that allowing guns on campus should be a right given to everyone for the safety of everyone that can help reduce many deaths.Despite the fact that allowing guns on campus would be a terrible finis made by the voters who agree with guns on campus we would simply be encouraging mass shooting and many other horrific incidents. An example of a horrific accident that happened is the mass shooting at Virginia Tech University in 2007. This left many families devastated due to the loss of a loved one. Although proponents of guns believe that a gun in a classroom would not distract anyone, in reality, it would because if any classmate knew that someone had a gun on them they would feel tense and nervous all the time. Even if a person had a gun on them to protect themselves they might not know how to use it adequately and cause more problems. Concealed guns overall are hardly ever used in the app ropriate form and that is why we always are having horrific scenes of violence, and mass shooting which bonnie simply terrorize our community. People simply misuse a gun a great deal either because they are angry or maybe even feel sad or depressed. When affecting our whole community, the children are growing up afraid and scared as well as the parents, knowing that at any moment a bullet can just end someones life in a second. Not just this but even though college students believe that by grownup them the opportunity to carry a gun we are treating as the adult. The thing just about this is that even though we are treating them like the adult by giving them this huge responsibility, there are still some adult who misuse a weapon. Therefore, not giving college students the ability to carry a concealed gun would have more benefits rather than allowing them to carry a gun.In short, not allowing guns on campus would make everyone feel in a safe environment where they dont have to be afraid of the everlasting shooting happening. Not just this, but they will be able to focus on their studies and in class rather than thinking all the time that they can be shot at any moment. sometimes people think the best way to protect themselves on a college campus is the best way but in reality, it can result in many accidents occurring. Students and staff will ultimately feel safer in a free gun zone rather than a place that is encircled by a gun every corner you walk around. Carrying a gun is a huge responsibility and not everyone is willing to admit the consequences if they use the weapon inappropriately, so it would just be better to barely ourselves that problem and not allow guns on campus.

Ir Study Guide

IR364 Study Guide for Mid-term Exam You pass on answer three questions on the exam worth 10 points individually 1) Populism was a prevalent response to the Great Depression in Latin the States. Define this term, and discuss the political and economic strategies of either the Vargas government in Brazil or the Cardenas government in Mexico. 2) By the end of knowledge base state of war II income inequality had already become deeply congenital in Latin America. What are the main causes of income inequality in the region, and why has it been so difficult to eradicate highly polarized patterns in the distribution of riches? ) Was import-substitution-industrialization an unmitigated failure in Latin America? Define this phylogeny strategy and offer a balanced critique of it. 4) Compare and origin the economic impact of the three big shocks that hit Latin America between 1900-1950. 5) What are the main factors of endowment and key features of these factors that are considered to fo under most favorably to economic development? 6) What were the main features of Peronism in post-World War II Argentina? Despite Perons downfall in the coup detat of 1955, the Peronist movement is still alive and well in Argentina.How would you explain the undestroyable hold of Peronism on the Argentine public? 7) The period 1900-1914 has frequently been referred to as the good times for Latin America because the region was thriving on primary exports to Britain, Europe and the U. S. What are the advantages and disadvantages of a development model ground primarily on raw material production for export? You go out answer 5 ID questions, for 1 point each Capital scarcity Commodity Lottery Economic Populism Enclave Development Exchange Rate export pessimism Import substitution industrialization Structuralism Eva Peron

Holocaust Denial Essay

David Irving has claimed that the final solution was a mockery and that on that point were no gas bedchambers in Auschwitz discuss the deduction for and against this claim.One is astonished in the study of narrative at the return key of the idea that evil moldinessiness be forgotten, distorted, skimmed over. The difficulty, of course, with this philosophy is that explanation loses its value as an incentive and example it paints perfect men and awful nations, however it does non tell the truth.-W.E.B Du Bois, Black Reconstruction, 1935. in that location could not be a more appropriate account to go with the debate mingled with final solution deniers, and those who see it as a genuine grammatical case in history. From our mid teens we atomic number 18 taught about the events that occurred under Hitlers reign, the most frightening of those being the mass genocide of an estimated eleven meg heap, umteen of which Jews, during the final solution. It is in any case taugh t that the most famous extermination camp existed at Auschwitz, where up to 10000 people were exterminated per day. These be exactly the kind of facts that were presented to me during school, and to many others many individuals, however, claim that this horrific event never took place.Those who claim the final solution did not appear as traditional history describes, believe that the current mainstream taste of the Holocaust is the result of a deliberate Judaic conspiracy created to earn the interest of Jews at the expense of other nations. (1) A statement unmistakably closely related to the anti-Semitic views of the Nazis. In the case of Holocaust deniers, it is more of a case of a lack of show which they recitation of goods and services to promote their views no conclusive evidence has been presented, with numerous Holocaust deniers admitting to support lied about so c everyed facts. (2)The main claims which Holocaust deniers make are that the Nazis had no formal policy or plan of exterminating Jews. That Nazis did not use gas chambers to mass-murder Jews, and that the figure of between 5 and 6 million Jewish deaths is a significant exaggeration and the actual number is overmuch lower, a few hundred thousand at most. Other claims accommodate the spirit that the documentary evidence in support of the Holocaust, photographs and the Diary of Anne point-blank for example, is pretended, that survivor testimonies are unreliable, and that the Nazi prisoners confessions were obtained through the use of torture a process which can lead to inaccurate information. (3) One example of survivor testimonies being unpredictable is an excerpt of a conversation David Irving supposedly had with a survivorIRVING You said you saw smoke coming from the crematoria?SURVIVOR shortIRVING Is that correct?SURVIVOR CorrectIRVING But crematoria do not smoke, Mrs Altman. Go and visit your local crematorium in Sydney(Evans (2002) page 142)Irving took challenging the Holoca ust to the extreme, and proclaimed himself as a Hitler supporter, which may have something to do with him living, cogitation and studying in Germany for many years. In Irvings book, Hitlers War, he states that Hitler did not order the extermination of Europes Jews the mass killings must have been carried out by Himmler and his cohorts behind Hitlers back (4)The embed of Historical Research (IHR) states that The Institute does not deny the Holocaust. And that thither is no dispute over the fact that large numbers of Jews were deported to assimilation camps and ghettos, or that many Jews died or were killed during World War II. But that the Holocaust the alleged extermination of some six million Jews (most of them by gassing) is a hoax and should be recognized as such by Christians and all informed, honest and truthful men everywhere. More than being just a pro-Nazi viewpoint, Holocaust deniers believe that the death-toll amount which is widely accepted is a falsity in an attem pt to detect more compensation, and sympathy. It is believed that the interest of the Zionist faeces is to augment the amount of Holocaust deaths so that their gains will be greater. (5)The Holocaust deniers maintain that the Holocaust is a myth in order to build the possibilities which can occur when an individual or group of people rise to play God. This claim may have resulted from various factors, and in many cases of a denial, a particular political agenda backs it up, along with their accept personal beliefs colouring their view. To fully generalize the claims of these people, both sides of the debate must be construeed at.The case which acknowledges the Holocaust as it is presented has much more convince evidence, the most notable of which being photographs, video footage and personal accounts. Where the Holocaust deniers get their supposed evidence from however, is the jigsaw in which the evidence which shows the Holocaust as the event were taught it to be is made up of. Those denying the event hypothecate that the pieces of primary sources which prove the existence of the Holocaust, are in fact fabricated in an attempt to make people think that trustworthy events happened when thy in fact, did not. (1) in that respect are many accounts from survivors of the Holocaust, a selection of which exists in Lyn Smiths bury Voices of the Holocaust, within which mentions the implementation of the final solution. In the akin note it is said that upon arrival, most were sent immediately to the gas chamber and crematorium. (6). For females in concentration camps it was an even more shocking ordeal on a regular basis being raped, and on giving birth having their babies taken from them to be murdered. Dennis Avey, a British prisoner of war at Auschwitz gives his accountNow appalling things were happening in Auschwitz-Birkenau during 1944. They were gassing and burning thousands of people who could not work any more because of their failing strength I kn ew practically everything that was passage on thereThey just put them into the gas chambers utilize this Zyklon B gas and then they were burned. And this happened day in and day out. (6) there are many other accounts which describe similar stories, such a vast amount of scoreing testimonies can not possibly be a fabrication, but that is not the totally evidence which supports the events of the Holocaust and Auschwitz. There are many photographs of the gas chambers, and of mass graves. Not only is there masses of evidence recorded to verify the authenticity of the Holocaust but it is backed up by sworn testimony from both victims and the culprits. In addition to this there is evidence which Allied soldiers discovered when they liberated the camps. There is also a host of documentary evidence the Nazis were extremely particular about keeping records, some of which were presented as evidence to the Nuremberg Tribunal and a set of evidence from several post-war trials. As tumesce a s archaeological evidence as further proof, there are bookings by the SS for the special trains to Auschwitz and other extermination camps.Of course, the issue which arises with both of these claims, and history as a whole, is that unless someone is actually present at an event and experiencing something, they have no way of knowing exactly what went on during a given clipping and date. It is for these reasons which we need to rely on sources other than ourselves to understand the past, and a primary source is the most reliable place to look first. Talking with a Holocaust survivor, reading the diaries like that of a certain Anne Frank hiding from the Gestapo, and looking at pictures and videos from Nazi Germany at that time allows for the closest link possible from today to the days gone by, and rejecting these ideas as a fabrication severs the best link to the truth.Holocaust deniers will be inclined to believe what they want to be true, even if it does not match up historically. The Holocaust was a dismal time not only for the Jewish race, but also a cataclysmic event in the history of mankind. The idea that not all people are stir and those of less value need to be exterminated is a notion that should never have occurred. The evidence that we have today appears to confirm that the Jewish Genocide by the Nazi people was a real event. In addition, it is extremely difficult to reasonably doubt this event and believe that people would lie about such an ordeal.References1. Gizon, A. (2009). Holocaust. www.projectaladin.org. Last accessed 23 June 20102. Nikzor, P. (2008). David Irving. www.nizkor.org. Last accessed 23 June 20103. Lipstadt, D. (2009). Denying the Holocaust. www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars. Last accessed 23 June 20104. Irving, D. (1991). Hitlers War. London Focal Point Publications.5. Austin, B. (2004). Holocaust Denial. www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org. Last accessed 23 June 20106. Smith, L. (2005). disregarded Voices of the Holocaust. London Ebur y Press. P.156/210

Blue Colour

My Favourite Colour Open our eyes and everything we see is twineful. We every last(predicate) live in a world where vividness is often a part of us despite affecting us in our day-to-day lives. Colour in everyday life is varies, from knowing that a yield is ripe to eat, to understanding how colour can affect and influence our lives. Scientifically, colour is is known as flow of differentwavelengthsandfrequenciesand light is just iodin form of energy that we can actually see that is made up from photons. We are all surrounded by electromagnetic waves of energy of which colour is a small part.Color can influence our emotions, our actions and how we respond to discordant people, things and ideas. Much has been studied and written about burnish and its impact on our daily lives. When I close my eyes and visualize, the only colour that clicks my mastermind at first is the colour, gloomy. coloured is known as the coolest colour. The originator stern is my favorite reason is th at of all the colorings in the spectrum blue compliment al intimately all other colors. Blue is the master of backdrops. Interestingly, blue is the color of the universe and nature such as sky, ocean, sleep, twilight.Besides that, blue is the color of inspiration, sincerity, modernatization and spirituality. Blue is often the chosen color by conservative people. Blue is the calming color that makes it a wonderful color to use in the home, work and many more environments. Right now as I stare out my window, the horizon is almost a white-washed blue and as I look up the colors deepen to an ocean blue. Blue, in my eyes is the beautiful and soothing colour. My favourite football team is Chelsea football Club. Co-incidentally, blue is their official colour and they are well known as the blues. In here, I realized sportiness in the colour blue.Furthermore, the reason I like blue is because I have come crosswise some facts about the colour itself. Blue is considered beneficial to the mind and body. It slows mankind metabolism and produces a calming effect. So, one who is on healthy fare and would like to do some work out may tonality their wall in blue for the calming effect. Blue is strongly associated with ease and calmness. In heraldry, blue is used to symbolize goodness and sincerity. Actually, blue represents both sides in a melancholic way as it has never been an to a fault emotional color. By everyplacely emotional it is never been to the extremes although it can send there.Blue is the color that refreshes the mind and the color of relief as it washes over you. Other than that, I am a male. Blue is often referred as a masculine color. According to studies, it is highly accepted among males. I in like manner feel the masculinity and calmness when I am in blue. to the highest degree of my attires are in blue regardless of dark or light blue. That does not mean other colours are exceptional, but I prefer blue the most. Conclusively, there are unlimited reasons why blue seems to be the most interesting colour in my eyes, but it is the most wonderful colour that appears across my eyes. My day is delighted with blue, the inspirational colour.

Comparison and Contrast Between Love

starting time bash can happen at whatever age or non happened at all, but must the great unwashed have fallen in limit out for the get-go time as a teenager or an adult. First passionateness is an exciting spic-and-span experience that most people remember very well as something naive, impulsive and unforgettable sock. However, forever approve is maven of the strongest emotions that a human being can feel. It can arise ever so intensely, bed covering a feeling of warm happiness through every atomic number 49 of a somebody body like a wild drop off spreading through a tree.As the feelings become more intense, the flame of fad can turn into a blazing fire that burns powerfull through every ventricle of a persons heart. This make love makes unmatchable move to stay in the kin for the long haul. When it comes to startle love and forever love, these two loves atomic number 18 different in obedience to communication, imperative jut and emotional support. Forever l ove requires quixotic partners to go on even when it is hard to come to an agreement. Instead of walking out of the brook without talking or going to bed angry, partners stay up of late until the differences and problems ar reconciled.For instance, on the Cosby commemorate, Clare and Bill would have dissentments when difference arose. The differences would be how to airfield the children, Bill not eating healthy meals or not listen to ace an some other(prenominal). Instead of Bill and Clare yelling and pointing the finger at one another, they would communicate without playing the blame game and apologize to one another regardless of who is right. I know one might say they are playing characters on a television show, but one cannot disagree that forever love lays out the foundation of how to compromise and respect ones life partner.Forever love also shows irresponsible love and support by showing devotion and understanding of one another. For example, Diane Reeves showed h er husband Christopher Reeves unconditional love and support when he was paralyzed. She neer viewed him as a long-suffering but as the love of her life. She always supported him through concentrated physical therapy sessions and surgery. By her being so extremely devoted, she never ramshackle him when he was paralyzed or stayed with him out of pity. She truly, madly and deeply love him regardless of his disability.My husband, James, is my forever love because he supports me in my goal of pursue an associate degree in Health Service Management. My forever love does this by telling me how well I am accomplishing my goals by get good grades in school. Whenever I am feeling overwhelmed and frustrated by and by a long day of classes and working, he gives me words of encouragement. He tells me that he has faith in me because he knows I will succeed. By doing this, he gives me the support I need to achieve my educational goals. On the other hand, first love relationship disagreement s are inevitable.But how are they handled? Instead of reconciling their difference, conversation are battlegrounds where viewpoints are def finish with grim determination and words are weapons instead of tools of communication. In the heat of anger, complaints are expressed in a destructive fashion which causes romantic partners to say, See you later, because one is not fully committed to the relationship. For example, my first love, Ernest, and I would argue all the time and never reconciled our differences because we each wanted to be right.We tried to make the relationship work but we were so naive about love that we ended the relationship because neither one of us was committed enough to make it work. Another difference between first and true love is unconditional love and support. With first love, this type of love is not strong because one is not fully committed to the relationship. For instance, Judy, my friend, and her first love, Jim, were inseparable. Judy and Jim were da ting for six months. They would go to the movies, parties, and sports games for fun until a tragedy happened.Jim was involved in an automobile possibility that left him paralyzed from the waist down. Instead of showing unconditional love and support for her romantic partner, she left him because she could not handle his disability. She was not committed enough to him or their love to support Jim in his time of need. First love is not as strong as forever love because this is a new experience and the partner is not concerned with a long, strong commitment. In conclusion, Love does not long for power it does not want to be hurt or be punished for mistakes.It is self-denying because it is ready to forgive partners over and over again. It is wrong to think that love is always suffering it only means that one takes a person as he or she is and does not expect a romantic partner to be perfect. Forever love is more invested in retention the relationship intact because one is willing to reconcile his or her differences, and show unconditional love and support but most of all communication. This love makes partners stand by each other side through tragedies and difficulties, whereas first love has little willingness to commit to the relationship.

Psychosexual stages vs. psychosocial stages Essay

In psychology when the word rebelment is mention to cardinal theorists, stand out. These theorists are Sigmund Freud and Erik Erikson. Freud creation the father of psychology changed the technique of canvas the development of persons. Erikson was influenced by Freud but he felt that be underestimated different significant dimension that shape our development. They both agreed that temper develop is to the highest degreely an unconscious process and when it does happen, it is over time and has universal percentage points.They trust that personality is developing by a sequence of predestined stratums. In each stage, there is crisis that needs to be conquered in coif to circulate to the next stage in life. However, Freud believed the libido, persons biology and staple fiber needs are major(ip) factors in our development of personality (Simon & vitamin A Gagnon). Although Freuds theory influenced Erikson, instead he believed environment and culture were major factors t hat influenced our personality (W eithererstein, Robert & axerophthol Goldberger, 2000).Freud called this development process psycho finishual theory and Erikson called it psycho kind theory. two shake off similarity within their theories as the age group are divided the same. Even so, they differ in way. Freud believed that the first three stages were the most important. He in addition understood personalities were developed by conflicts resolved and the demands from reality. Erikson believed all stage were equally important and cultural experiences helped develop personally (Wallerstein, Robert & adenine Goldberger, 2000). They both had a different development process and outcomes. In lodge to grasp the theories, I bequeath examine each theorist and personality stages individually.In the first stage, that Freud called this psychosexual stage the oral stage and Erikson called this psychosocial stage the trust vs. hunch stage. Both Freud and Erikson acknowledge the trust and aimency tikes concur to their contracts. In the oral stage, the squirt makes the connection between the mothers presences with satisfying of their hunger. In the trust vs. mistrust, the claw develops trust when they can depend on the mother to fulfill their needs therefrom developing a trustworthy relationship. However, these theories express different outcome when need are convenient or not.For Freud, the crisis here is weaning the squirt from the mother. As time progresses the infant begin to differentiation itself from their mother. The nipper comes to acknowledge there is no longstanding an umbilical connection and they a separate person from their mother (Simon & axerophthol Gagnon). As a result, later in life they grow to be optimistic and passivity. On the other hand, if the infants who do not make the bankers bill turn out to be pessimistic, immature and gullibility and obsessed with the mouth. many of these obsessions let in biting nails, thumb sucking, and eat ing and drink obsessively and communicative aggressive.As for Eriksons theory, trust and mistrust is the swelled head crisis. If the infant intermit that no one is bequeathing to fulfill his need then mistrust will develop. Conversely, if the electric razors needs are satisfied done good fostering, the child will develop trust. The child will also develop the skill of hope and learn cosmic order in respect to society (Cloninger, 2004). In the second stage, Freud called this psychosexual stage the anal retentive stage and Erikson called this psychosocial stage the autonomy vs. shame stage.Both Freud and Erikson acknowledge child wish to bewilder personal control and the splendor of toilet provision. In the anal stage, the child wants to master holding on and letting go. Therefore, the child learn the control his own bowel movements by toilet training. In autonomy vs. shame stage, toilet training is used to master their bole functions (Wallerstein, Robert & antiophthalmi c factor Goldberger, 2000). This will instill a feel of control and liberty in the child. However, both theories disagreed on the outcome of successful or flunk to toilet training. For Freud, the crisis is toilet training.If the child is successful at toilet training then they will be creative and productive in their great(p) life (Simon & group A Gagnon). Nevertheless, if the child fails they will either become anal explosive or retentive. Anal explosive is when the child is rebelling during toilet training. This riot will cause the child to be messy, cruel, destructive and hostile as an magnanimous. Anal-retentive is when the child withholds during toilet training.This will cause the child to be controlling, closefisted and stubborn. For Erikson, although toilet training is important the crisis in this stage is control and independence. If the child does not feel supported, they will develop shame and doubt. It is important that the child feel supported by parents in order to develop autonomy, the swelled head skill will, law, and order in respect to society (Cloninger, 2004).In the trine stage, Freud called this psychosexual stage the phallic stage and Erikson called this psychosocial stage the Initiative vs. vice stage. Both Freud and Erikson recognize that at these stages the child finding identicalness with his or her parent, and sex difference. In phallic stage, the child begins to identify him or she with their parents thus acknowledges sexual difference. According to Freud, this process occurs through the Oedipus and Electra conflict. The Oedipus conflict is when the son wants to move out his father because he wants to be with his mother. The reason the wants to murder the father is for fear. He fears his father will discover the desire for his mother, and will be punish with castration (Cloning, 2004).The Electra conflict is when a girl changes her erotic relationship from the mother to the father. This relationship change is possible by t he girls individual retirement account toward her mother (Cloninger, 2004). The reason for her wrath is that she feels her mother was not dominant exuberant to protect her from castration. This change of object is facilitated by the girls anger toward her mother for not being abilityful enough to protect her from castration. The child identifies with the same-sex parent in order to vicariously posses parent of the opposite sex (Simon & angstrom unit Gagnon).The child believe the more they are like the same-sex parent they will be subject to replace the other parent. Thus the superego will develop and the end of the crisis. If the child cannot resolve this struggle they will sport trouble forming the superego, sexual role individuality and sexual confused (Simon & Gagnon). In the initiatives vs. guilt, the child acknowledges sex difference and parent identification through these social roles. According to Erikson, the child decided the person they want, affirm their power and control through playing and social relate (Widick, Parker & Knefelkamp, 2006).The child must feel encourage to play and rent social contact in order to keep up initiative. The child will also agree a sense of purpose and learn ideal prototypes in society. However, if the child is not support they will believe they are bad and have guilt (Widick, Parker & Knefelkamp, 2006). In the quaternityth stage, Freud called this psychosexual stage the latent period stage and Erikson called this psychosocial stage the labor vs. inferiority stage. Both Freud and Erikson acknowledge the importance of development thought school. In the latency stage, the child develops into a more socially and academically driven person.This helps the child become constructive. In indus effort vs. inferiority, the child serves on tasks until they are complete. The child hopes to receive intuition for constructing something for society. During this stage, Freud explains that the childs sexual dr ive is inactive thus there is no crisis. This is because there is a repression of sexual impulse (Simon & Gagnon). alternatively the child use this repressed energy in to their social and academic lives. Yet, Erikson believes the crisis here is how to become a product individual in society. During this stage, the children want to learn new skill like reading, writing, counting and drawing (Widick, Parker & Knefelkamp, 2006).Those children who are not encourage or praise for their accomplishment from their parents or teachers will develop problems with competence and self-esteem and inferiority. However, the children who are encouraged or praise for their accomplishment develop confidence, pride, competence and technological order in society (Cloninger, 2004). In this 5th stage, things are a little different. This fifth stage concluded Freuds psychosexual stage while Erikson had four left.These stages are personal identity vs. identity diffusion, intimacy vs. isolation, gener ativity vs. stagnation and uprightness vs. despair. I will compare and contrast these four stages with Freuds psychosexual stage the genital stage. Both Freud and Erikson acknowledge the importance of building the self through previous experience through the genital stage and identity vs. identity diffusion. In the genital stage, there is no crisis but after being able to overcome each psychosexual stage now the individual can began to live a balanced life. However, sexual desires are no long dormant instead they are strong sexual intimacy in the opposite sex.Adolescences are in search of sexual or romantic relationships with other adolescences (Simon & Gagnon). Some of the characteristics that are developed include vanity, appearance and attention. For Erikson, the crisis here is finding self and personal identity. In order for an adolescence to establish a sense of self, they must go out and try new things. If the child is not encouraged, they can develop negative identity or identity foreclosure and identity confusion (Widick, Parker & Knefelkamp, 2006).Nevertheless, if the child is encouraged to explore different roles, activities and behaviors the adolescence will be able to develop their identity, the ego skill of fidelity and learn ideological worldview in society and is able to move to the next stage (Cloninger, 2004). Erikson called this intimacy vs. isolation. Both Freud and Erikson acknowledge the importance of desire a relationship with the opposite sex through their theories. In the genital stage, there is no crisis but latency has been conquered and the focus is playking pleasure through sexual contact (Simon & Gagnon).In Eriksons intimacy vs. isolation, the crisis is finding love not sexual pleasure. Since the youthful adults have a sense of identity, they can take hold ofk an intimate relationship without fears of losing their identity (Widick, Parker & Knefelkamp, 2006). If a person does not find intimacy with someone, the yo ung adult will become isolated. However, if they do find intimacy they will develop the ego skill of love and learn pattern of cooperation and tilt in society and advance (Cloninger, 2004).Erikson called this generativity vs. stagnation. Both Freud and Erikson recognize the significance of inflictking welfare of life and society through their offices. In the genital stage, as the individual mature in to adulthood, they are no longer yet interested in their selves but others. In Erikson, generativity vs. stagnation, the adult want to contribution to society and that will ultimately outlive them. This contribution is range from children, social or political change or art (Wallerstein, Robert & Goldberger, 2000). If the adult is unable to cultivate a contribution then they will have sense stagnation, failure, disconnected or involved in their life.On the other hand, if they are able to contribute they will feel a sense of generativity, develop the ego skill of care and learn cur rents of education and usance in society thus move to the final stage (Cloninger, 2004). Erikson called this integrity vs. despair. Both Freud and Erikson identify this stage when the personality is complete formed. In the genital stage, the personality is well balanced in all aspects of the person (Simon & Gagnon). In Erikson, integrity vs. despair, the individual reflect on their life. When reflecting occurs if there are regrets or dissatisfied with life, they will have despair (Wallerstein, Robert & Goldberger, 2000).However, if there is a sense of fulfillment then they will have integrity, wisdom as an ego skill and in society (Cloninger, 2004). straight that I have examined each theorist and their stage individually, it is clearly to see where there theories are similar and different. When compare the theories we are able to see why personality development is unconscious, slow and universal. In contrast, we can see how they differ in the process of development by recogn izing the outcome.1. Reference2. Cloninger, S. (2004). Theories of personality. (pp. 45-48). NUpper Saffle RIver, impertinently Jersey Pearson Prentice Hall. 3. Simon, W., & Gagnon, J. (n.d.). Psychosexual development. Society, 35(2), 60-67. 4. Wallerstein. , Robert, S., & Goldberger, L. (2000). Ideas and identities The life work of erik erikson.Psychoanalytic Psychology, 17(2), 437-442. 5. Widick, C., Parker, C., & Knefelkamp, L. (2006). Erik erikson and psychosocial development. New Direcrtion for Student, 1978(4), 1-17.

Early Childhood Education and Children Essay

Are there any benefits for children stick bug out one of p argonnt with them at syndicate? M another(prenominal)s who stay at home be helpful for their family. Many mothers prefer to draw their children to their mothers, save if there is not grandmother to care child, that go away be problem especially if the child is still baby or infant. Mothers are compelled to find a place to put their child there. Many kinds of places that whitethorn mothers join their child to stay there and to have education, such as to educational settings which consist of early child education, pre-school, nursery school, and pre-kindergar ecstasy.Also, there are many places to get care and education for children nanny, governess, babysitting, au pair, and extended family, for example. In fact, mothers decision that choosing stay with her children at home or going to work and joining her children in convenient place, is important circumstantial for her. A mother who stays at house are to a greater e xtent probable to have time to be involved with their children. Those mothers who stay home is able to become more completely involved their children activities.For example, mother will give carful and inte last out for her children. Moreover, many people mention to needs puerility such as feeding, sustenance, and nurturing. Most women have been housewife to be breadwinners, and to be care take holdrs. Child care bunghole cost up to $15,000 for one family in the United States. Approximately six out of every ten children, or almost 12 million children, term five and younger, are being jointly cared for by parents and early puerility educators, relatives, or other child-care providers (Lynn, 2002).Indeed, many societies have been assumed that women will stay home and take care of their children while their spouses go out and work. In addition, woman motherhood suffers to go out and doing hard work many hours without rest times, but when she stay home will get time to have rest and lying. Many mothers work to be ready for unexpected situations like a husbands unemployment, husbands death, a divorce, or sickness. In fact, nobody wants to be working more than eight hours a mean solar day and missing his or her family life.In encouragement of mothers who want to work, Dr. Phil says that many mothers optimism to be a parent and pursue an occupation and they often become measly when they are stuck just in a parenting capacity. If the child is mothered by a parent who is feeling frustrated and depressed and empty, that is not a swell thing, he says. Even though some parents are now separated, obtain concerns in the role of primary caregiver to his children, while mother continue to support her family. A man is not hard to give up the traditional role as breadwinner.However, A woman put up be more responsibility to earn money and take care for her family. A lot of women have been socialized to be service workers for their societies, not simply to be housewife . Some time a man feels difficult to relinquish some things like giving up self-worth, feelings of masculinity and personal power. It can be tough on men, especially in the beginning. In conclusion, its these deeper issues. Making the decision to stay home with your children or join the manpower can be a difficult process. It appears approximating employed moms just cant success.Every woman has dream to be effective in her society and earn money, but she will face challenges with her care children. Sources 1. Dr. Phil http//drphil. com/ holds/article/284 2. Olson, Lynn (2002). According to the 2002 Quality Counts survey conducted by Education Week, approximately six out of every ten children, or almost 12 million children, age five and younger, are being jointly cared for by parents and early childhood educators, relatives, or other child-care providers. Starting Early. Education Week 21 (17) 1011. Retrieved 24 November 2012.

Diversity in Faith and the Health Care Provider

A comparative review of four religions Judaism, Islam, Buddhism and Christianity. This writing examines the flavour systems and how diversity in faith affects the safeguard givers philosophy of providing c ar. The immensity of nurses to seek spiritual awargonness is growing as the nation becomes more several(a) and wellness help facilities increase their efforts to create healing environments and mate the necessitate of every patients body, mind and spirit.Diversity in corporate trust and the Health C be Provider. correspondence the diversity in faith deep down the health care setting helps maximize the healing care provided. belief influences coping strategies, health behaviors and attitudes just about seeking health care. The purpose of this paper is to compare the philosophy of providing care from the office of Buddhist, Judaism, and Islam faith with that of Christianity. As the population becomes more diverse, so does the need to become spiritual competent. Buddhi st doctrine Buddhism is based on the teachings of Buddha and foc use of goods and servicess on finding inner calmness.The goal of a Buddhist is to find enlightenment or a perfect peace through which allow end his suffering. If enlightenment is not obtained a Buddhist volition be reborn and continue to suffer another vivification (Chan, et al. 2011). The core beliefs are there is a right and noble way of life which leads to enlightenment, Karma for every action there is an equal or opposite reaction, and Samsara which is the go on cycle of life and death that continues because of karma (Wilkins, et al. 2010).Buddhist exercises faith with prayers, mantras, mudras, prayer wheels and use of other objects to practice their faith. Being respectful of belongings and asking originally touching or moving is important (Wilkins, et al. 2010). Death and Dying is a very important experience for Buddhist Therefore a care giver will need to adjust what is typically known palliative care a nd have open discussion of expectations to meet their spiritual needs. Allowing for continuous prayer and meditation as a Buddhist reflects on his life.Having a clear mind is important and they may decline pain medicine or sedatives. A Buddhists perspective of a nurses who understands the importance of this belief and uses non-narcotic methods to reduce pain and provide comfort is also providing a true expression of loving kindness and compassion in comp binglent sort to relieve the suffering of others (Chan, et al. 2011). Some other aspects to Buddhism is the care of a monastic or nun require the care taker to be of the same sex, since they took an affidavit of celibacy.Additionally, the practice of Buddhism does not require a person to be a vegetarian and monks general only eat once a day and do not eat after lunch sentence. Since there are some(prenominal) cultures within the Buddhist faith it is important to ask (Chan, et al. 2011). Jewish religion Judaism exists mainly in Israel, Europe and the USA. Judaism is the belief of integrity God and that Moses was the sterling(prenominal) illusionist and savior was a false prophet. They read from the first cardinal books of the bible which is called the Torah and pray to God only.Their religious leader is called a Rabbi who will recite scripture to the ill, perform ceremonies, sermons in a synagogue on Saturdays. The way Judi live their life is the most important aspect of their religion. The Jewish faith has a heighten awareness of health and consider health a mortal responsibility. As far back as twain thousand years ago Jewish people practiced tell on hand washing and cleansing before meals. Furthermore, Jewish laws prohibit ingest shellfish and pork to prevent trichinosis, which is still practiced today. Therefore asking about dietary restrictions is necessary.Islamic Faith Muslims believe in one God who has no son. Jesus is considered a prophet, but Muhammad was the last prophet sent by God. Muslims read from the Koran or Quran and worship in Mosques on Fridays. Islam is indigenous of African Americans, South Asians and Arabians. Religious leaders are referred to as Imams and have diverse qualifications and expertise. Imams pray with the ill and help patients to trade by helping them to maintain hope in God or Allah. Additionally Imams encourage healthy lifestyles, advocating for patient needs, and assisting in healthcare decisions.Women may not lead men into prayer and therefore cannot be Imams (Padela, et al. 2011). Islam practices of postulate praying, fasting and religious rituals, such as the pilgrimage to Mecca. Islam main perspective on health and illness is that Health and illness become part of the continuum of being, and prayer remains the salvation in both health and in sickness (Rassool, 2000). Therefore allowing time for prayer is essential. Since 9/11 misconceptions, disparity and abusive behaviors towards Muslims have resulted in a delay of care in th e U. S. therefore they may not be forth coming about their faith or spiritual needs, leading to sicker patients with stifled spiritual care (Padela, et al. 2011). Christian Faith The writer of this paper is of Christian Faith, a protestant, a believer in God who is a holy trinity of the Father, the Son, and Blessed Spirit. Jesus is his son and incarnate of God himself. Religious leaders are called pastors or ministers and in the Catholic religion leaders are referred to as priests or nuns. Faith is practice through prayer, reading the bible, and attending church service on Sunday.Fellowship with other Christians, reaching out to non-believers to spread the excogitate of Christ and living a righteously are encouraged. However, it is the belief that Jesus Christ is the savior of man and only through this faith will a person live eternally in paradise with God. proportional Analysis While some faiths embrace death as a new beginning into the afterlife or next life, Judaism does not mark the afterlife and survivors are instructed to only grieve for a limited time and not excessively.However, Buddhism discusses death and dying openly and wants to maintain consciousness for as long as possible to mediate and reflect. Visualization and relaxation techniques are a large part of their meditation. Judaism, Islam and Christianity all believe in one God and prayer helps to the body, mind and spirit. Buddhist believes that the collection of ones physical body, sensations, perceptions, cordial formation, and consciousness Will dissolve at the time of death, although some pour out of consciousness undergoes rebirth (Chan, et al. 2011).Although Buddhism is the least practiced among the religions discussed, it is Islamic that is the most misconceive and is met with inequalities. Providing a safe place and building trust is required to meet the spiritual needs of American Muslims. Conclusion All religions teach love, compassion, and righteousness. Therefore, respecting ones spiritualty and assessing for spiritual needs is an important aspect of all patient interactions. Understanding why other faiths believe what they do help nurses to facilitate and maintain practices and honor sacred rituals, prayers and meditation.